Toughness Chart

THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN CREATING WITH GEM BEADS.
Here is information for using the following chart:

TOUGHNESS CODE: POOR, FAIR, GOOD, EXCELENT. (WEAKEST TO STRONGEST).
COLOR CODE: BLACK= BK, BLUE= BL, BROWN= BR, COLORLESS= CL, GOLD= GD, GRAY= GY, GREEN= GN, PINK= PK, ORANGE= OR, RED= RD, VIOLET= VL, WHITE= WT, YELLOW=YW, WHITE= WT, OPAQUE=OP, TRANSPARENT=TP, DARK= DK, LIGHT= LT
HARDNESS CODE: 1 TO 10 (SOFTEST TO HARDEST).

GEM NAME	COLORS	HARD-NESS	TOUGH-NESS	NOTES
AMBER	YW, BR, GN, OR, RD	2-2.5	POOR	AVOID HEAT, FLAME, ACIDS, CAUSTICS, ALCOHOL, PERFUME, CLEANERS
APATITE	PK,YW,GN,BL,VL	5	FAIR	BRITTLE. AVOID ACID. SYNTHETIC IN TRADE. COMPOSES BONE.
ARAGONITE	CL, GN,VARI	3.5-4	POOR	SOFT, BRITTLE, AVOID ACIDS. COMPOSES PEARLS, M-O-P, MARBLE
BERYL GROUP		7.5-8
EMERALD	DEEP GR-YW/GN	7.5-8	POOR-GOOD	BRITTLE, STONE HAS INCLUSIONS. AVOID: HEAT,CLEANERS, SOLVENTS
AQUAMARINE	Lt – Dk BL, B/G	7.5-8	GOOD	AVOID HEAT & USE CAUTION IF IT HAS LIQUID INCLUSIONS & FEATHERS.
BIXBIT	GOOSEBERRY RED		GOOD
GOLDEN BERYL	LEMON/YW-GOLD/YW		GOOD	INCLUSIONS RARE. DECOLORIZATION AT 482 DEGREES F.
GOSHENITE	COLORLESS		GOOD	USED AS IMITATION DIAMOND OR EMERALD BY ADDING COLORED FOIL .
MORGANITE	PINK-VIOLET, SALMON		GOOD	INCLUSIONS RARE. POOR GEMS IMPROVED BY HEATING ABOVE 752 DEGREES F.
AZURITE	DK/BL, AZURE/BL	3.5-4	POOR-FAIR	CRYSTALS CUT FOR “SPECIMEN”, ONLY. MASS MATERIAL CAN BE USED.
AZURITE BLOCK	DK & AZURE BLUE		POOR-FAIR	MAN-MADE. BLUE AZURITE & GREEN MALACHITE MIXED IN RESIN.
AZURITE, IN MATRIX	BU, GN,RD,CREAM	4+	FAIR-GOOD	MIX OF AZURITE, MALACHITE, CUPRITE & OTHER COPPER MINERALS.
CALCITE	CL, BL,BN,YW,VARI	3	POOR	SOFT, BRITTLE, CLEAVES
CHALCEDONY	BLUISH, WT, GY	6.5-7	GOOD	AKA ONYX, HEAT MAY CHANGE COLOR EASILLY TAKES COLOR DYES.
CARNELIAN	FLESH RED-BROWN RED		GOOD	TODAY MOST IS DYED & THEN HEAT TREATED.
SARD	REDDISH BROWN-BROWN		GOOD	TODAY MOST “SARDS” ARE DYED.
CHRYSOPRASE	GREEN-APPLE GREEN		GOOD	SUNLITE & HEAT CAN FADE COLOR. MAY RECOVER IN MOIST STORAGE
HELIOTROPE	OPQ.DK/GN W/RED SPOTS		GOOD	AKA: BLOODSTONE
DENDRITIC AGATE	CL-WHTISH/GY W/DK. DENDRITES			AKA: SCENIC AGATE, MOSQUITO STONE, PICTURE AGATE, ETC.
MOSS AGATE	CL W/ GN, BN, RED INCLUSIONS
AGATE	ALL COLORS, BANDED		GOOD	MANY ARE CHEMICALLY COLORED, CAN INCLUDE CRYSTALS. MANY VARIETIES ARE NAMED BY THEIR COLOR, PATTERNS, AND/OR ORIGIN.
JASPER	ALL COLORS & PATTERNS		GOOD	CONSIDERED CHALCEDONY, BUT STRUCTURE IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT. VARIETIES ARE NAMED BY THEIR COLORS, PATTERNS, AND/OR ORIGIN.
PETRIFIED WOOD, BONE, ETC.	WARM COLORS W/PATTERNS			ORIGINAL STRUCTURES REPLACED BY AGATE, JASPER, OPAL.
CHAROITE	LILAC-VL, “FLAMED”	5-6		NEW MINERAL, FROM SIBERIA. RECOGNIZED 1978.
CHRYSOBERYL	GD/Y,GN/Y,GN,RD,BN.	8.5	EXCELENT-GOOD
CHRYSOBERYL CAT’S EYE		8.5	EXCELENT-GOOD	THE ONLY REAL CATS’ EYE”. OTHERS MUST NAME GEM. AVOID HEAT.
ALEXANDRITE	CHANGES GN-RED	8.5	GOOD	DAYLITE=GREEN & INCANDESCENT=RED, SENSITIVE TO KNOCKS. HIGH HEAT CAN CAUSE COLOR CHANGES. ONE OF THE MOST EXPENSIVE GEMS .
CHRYSOCOLLA	GREEN, BLUE	2-4	POOR	SOFT, BRITTLE ANCIENT GEM. SILICIFIED GEM INTERTWINED WITH AZURITE, MALACHITE, AND OTHER COPPER BASED GEMS.
CHRYSOPHRASE				SEE CHALCEDONY
CINNABAR	RED, PALE BLUE	2-2.5	POOR	MOST COMES FROM CHINA AND IS CARVED, LACQUERED WOOD. REAL CINNABAR IS POISONOUS MERCURY ORE W/DROPS OF LIQUID MERCURY.
CORAL	RD,PK,WT,BK,BL	3-4	FAIR-GOOD	AVOID HEAT, FLAME, & ACID. MOST CHINESE IS DYED & CAN FADE.

GEM NAME	COLORS	HARD-NESS	TOUGH-NESS	NOTES
CORUNDUM GROUP	ALL COLORS	9	EXCELENT (EXCEPT FRACTURED STONES)	AVOID HEAT W/IRRADIATED STONES. AVOID HEAT & SOLVENTS W/ OILED OR DYED GEMS. BORAX ETCHES SURFACE. .
RUBY	VARYING REDS	9	EXCELENT	“ “ “ “ .
SAPPHIRE	ALL EXCEPT RED	9	EXCELENT	“ “ “ “ .
DIAMOND	CL & ALL	10	GOOD-EXCEPTIONAL	CAN CLEAVE IF EDGE IS KNOCKED. HIGH HEAT CAN ETCH FACES.
DIAMOND-COLORED&	ALL	10	GOOD-EXCEPTIONAL	HEAT ALTERS COLOR IN NATURAL GREEN & ALL IRRADIATED .
DOLOMITE	NONE, PASTELS	3.5-4	FAIR	EASILLY DYED, AVOID ACIDS MOST IS DYED & GIVEN TRADE NAMES. .
DIOPSIDE	GN,YW,BK,NONE	5-6	FAIR-POOR	CLEAVES EASILLY .
STAR DIOPSIDE	BLACK	5-6	FAIR-POOR	4 POINTED STAR, CLEAVES .
CHROME DIOPSIDE	EMERALD GN	5-6	FAIR-POOR	CLEAVES .
DIOPTASE	EM/GN-BL/GN	5	FAIR	BRITTLE.
DUMORTIERITE	DK/BL-VL/BL, RD/BN	7-8.5	FAIR
FELDSPAR GROUP	MOST.	6-6.5	POOR	CLEVAGE PERFECT & IN 2 DIRECTIONS. HEAT MAY CRACK OR CLEAVE .
AMAZONITE	GN, BL/GN	6-6.5	POOR	MOTTLED OR EVEN COLOR. IMPORTANT GEM IN MORACCO & No..AFRICA
MOONSTONE	CL, YW, WT.	6-6.5	POOR	VITRIOUS LUSTER W/BLUE FLASHES. SENSITIVE TO PRESSURE. .
ORTHOCLASE	OP. CHAMPAIGN	6-6.5	POOR	VITRIOUS LUSTER. .
LABRADORITE	DK/GY-GY/BK	6-6.5	POOR	AKA SPECTROLITE. COLORFUL METALIC PLAY OF COLOR, BRITTLE. .
SUNSTONE	OR, RD/BN	6-6.5	POOR	AKA AVENTURINE FELDSPAR. BRITTLE. .
FLUORITE	CL, ALL	4	POOR	CLEAVES EASILLY. BRITTLE, AVOID HEAT, FLAME, SULFURIC ACID. .
GARNET GROUP	ALL COLORS	6.5-7.5	FAIR-GOOD	AVOID THERMAL SHOCK.
PYROPE	RED [W/BRN TINT]			IMITATIONS MADE OF RED GLASS
RHODOLITE	ROSE VAR. PYROPE
ALMANDINE	RED W/VIOLET TINT
SPESSARTINE	ORANGE-RED/BROWN
GROSSULAR	CL, GREEN,YELLOW,BROWN
HESSONITE	RED/BROWN			AKA CINNAMON STONE
HYDROGROSSULAR	OPQ/GREEN, DENSE OPAQUE GREEN			AKA: AFRICAN JADE, TRANSVAL JADE .
TSAVORITE	GREEN-EMERALD/GREEN		AKA: TSAVOLITE
ANDRADE [VAR.]	BLACK,BROWN,YELLOW/BROWN
DEMANTOID	GREEN-EMERALD/GREEN			THE MOST VALUABLE GARNET
MELANITE	OPAQUE BLACK			USED FOR MOURNING JEWELRY. CONFUSED WITH BLACK GLASS. .
TOPAZOLITE	YELLOW-LEMON/YELLOW
UVAROVITE	EMERALD GREEN
GASPEITE	OPQ. LT/GREEN	4.5-5		VITRIOUS LUSTER
GNEISS	GY,GRNISH,BRNISH, REDISH		GOOD	A ROCK, BLACK & WHITE, COMPOSED OF QUARTZ & FELDSPAR. USED IN AFRICA & BY ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
GOLD IN QUARTZ	GOLD & WHITE	2.5-3 + 7	GOOD	CRYSTALINE GOLD FINGERS IN MILKY QUARTZ MATRIX. .
GOLDSTONE	GOLD, BLUE	6	GOOD	MAN MADE. COPPER & BRASS FILINGS IN COLORED GLASS. AKA. AVENTURINE GLASS.
GYPSUM	WT,YISH,PK,BLUISH	2	POOR	AKA:SELENITE. FIBEROUS, SILKY LUSTER. VERY HEAT & ACID SENSITIVE

GEM NAME:	COLORS:	HARDNESS:	TOUGHNESS:	NOTES
HEMATITE	METALIC BK/GY	5.5-6.5	EXCELENT	HEAVY, IRON BASED GEM. FORMERLY USED AS MOURNING JEWELRY.
HEMATINE	METALIC BK/GY	5.5-6.5	EXCELENT	TRADE NAME FOR SYNTHETIC HEMATITE. SLIGHTLY MAGNETIC.
HOWLITE	SNOW WHITE	3-3.5	POOR	W/ BLACK &/OR DK/BROWN VEINS. SOFT & POROUS, DYES EASILY.
HOWLITE TURQUOISE OR LAPIS				DYED TO SIMULATE TURQUOISE AND LAPIZ.
IOLITE	BL,VL,BRNISH	7-7.5	FAIR	AKA: CORDIERITE, “WATER SAPPHIRE”. COLOR CHANGE BY AXIS VIEWED. CLEAVAGE 1-DISTINCT. HEAT MAY FUSE STONE. ATTACKED BY ACIDS.
IVORY	WHITE, CREAMY	2-3	FAIR	ORGANIC. HEAT SHRINKS & DISCOLORS. ATTACKED BY CHEMICALS .AVOID SOLVENTS. YELLOWS WITH AGE. PERFUME,LOTIONS, ETC .CAUSE DISCOLORATION
JADE GROUP
JADEITE	GN & ALL COLORS	6.5-7	EXCEPTIONAL	AVOID HEAT, MAY DEGRADE COLOR. FUSES EASILY. AVOID ACIDS & STRONG SOLVENTS. DYED: MAY FADE.
IMPERIAL JADE EMERALD GREEN				MOST VALUABLE JADE..
NEPHRITE JADE	GREEN & ALL	6-6.5	EXCEPTIONAL
JET	DEEP/BK, DK/BN	2.5-4	POOR	GEM COAL.. AVOID HEAT, BURNS EASILY. USED IN MOURNING JEWELRY.
KYANITE	BL-CL,BL/GN	4-4.5 / 6-7	POOR	BRITTLE, CLEAVES, VARIABLE HARDNESS & CLEAVAGE. .
LAPIZ LAZULI	BL, VL.,GRNISH/BL	5-6	FAIR	A ROCK INCLUDING: LAZURITE, CALCITE, PYRITE, & OTHER MINERALS. AVOID HEAT: MAY CAUSE COLOR CHANGE, AVOID CHEMICALS., IF DYED, MAY FADE AND AVOID ACID, ACETONE AND OTHER SOLVENTS.
LEPIDOLITE	PK, LILAC,YISH,WT	2.5-3	POOR	FOUND WITH TOURMALINE INCLUSIONS.
MALACHITE	LT-BK/GN, BANDS	3.5-4	POOR	SENSITIVE TO HEAT, ACIDS, AMMONIA, HOT WATERS, AND CHEMICALS.FUSES EASILY BY TORCH. DUST IS POISONOUS.
MARBLE	YW/GN,WT,BN,STRIPES	3.5-4	FAIR	AKA:MEXICAN ONYX, HONEY ONYX. AVOID ACID. POROUS-DYES EASILY
MOLDAVITE	GREENS	5.5	GOOD	A GREEN TEKTITE. NATURAL “IMPACT GLASS”, OR MAYBE A METEORITE.
MOTHER-OF-PEARL	MANY	2.5-3.5	GOOD	AVOID HEAT & ACIDS, BLACKENS IN FLAME, DYES EASILY / CAN FADE. .
OBSIDIAN	BK,GY,BN,GN	5-5.5	GOOD	A ROCK. NATURAL VOLCANIC GLASS. CAN HAVE GOLD, SILVER, OR RAINBOW SHEEN. SNOWFLAKE HAS WHITE SPHERES OF CHRISTOBOLITE .
OPAL GROUP	ALL, W/OPALESCENCE	5-6.5	POOR-FAIR	HEAT TURNS STONE WHITE OR BROWN & DESTROYS PLAY OF COLORS. AVOID THERMAL SHOCK. HEAT & STRONG LIGHT DEHYDRATE STONE CAUSING CRAZING OR FRACTURING. SENSITIVE TO PRESSURE &KNOCKS, ACIDS & ALKALIES.
PRECIOUS OPAL				OPALESCENCE, RAINBOW LIKE IRRIDESCENCE, & PLAY OF COLORS.
WHITE OPAL	WHITE W/”FIRE”			WHITE BASE WITH PLAY OF COLORS
BLACK OPAL	DK COLOR BASE			DK/GREY, DK/BLUE, DK/GREEN, & GREY-BLK BASE W/ PLAY OF COLORS DEEP BLACK IS VERY RARE. BLACK OPALS ARE RARER THAN WHITE .
OPAL MATRIX				BANDS OR INCLUSIONS OF OPAL IN MATRIX ROCK
HARLEQUIN OPAL	TRANSPARENT-TRANSLUCENT W/EFFECTIVE SEGMENTED COLOR PATTERNS.			A MOST DESIRABLE OPAL.
JELLY OPAL	BLUISH-GREY W/LITTLE PLAY OF COLOR.
FIRE OPAL	ORANGE			LITTLE OPALESCENCE. USUALLY MILKY & TURBID. BEST ARE CLEAR & TRANSPARENT. VERY SENSITIVE TO ANY STRESS & HEAT.
COMMON OPAL	ALL COLORS			USUALLY OPAQUE AND NO PLAY OF COLOR. PERUVIAN PINK & BLUE

GEM NAME	COLORS	HARDNESS	TOUGHNESS	NOTES
PEARL	WHITE & MANY	2.5-4.5	USUALLY GOOD BUT VARIABLE	THIN NACRE MAY CHIP OR FRACTURE EASILY. AVOID HEAT & ACIDS. MOST WHITES ARE BLEACHED. MODERATE HEAT & STRONG LIGHT PROMOTE DEHYDRATION & CRACKING. SOME DYE COLORS MAY FADE
NATURAL PEARL				PRODUCED WITHOUT OUTSIDE HELP. RARELY ROUND. HISTORICALLY FROM SEA AND FRESHWATER MOLUSKS.
CULTURED PEARLS				PRODUCED BY INSERTING A “SEED” INTO THE MOLLUSK.
SALTWATER C.P.				PRODUCED BY INSERTING A SHELL OR SHAPED BEAD INTO A SALTWATER MOLLUSK & RAISED IN SALTWATER “FARMS”. LAYERS OF NACRE OVER CENTER BEAD. HIGHEST % OF ROUND PEARLS.
FRESHWATER C.P.				PRODUCED BY INSERTING A PIECE OF TISSUE INTO THE MOLLUSK AND RAISED IN FRESHWATER POND. F.W.PEARL IS ALMOST SOLID NACRE.
MABE PEARL				AKA: BLISTER PEARL. PRODUCED BY ATTACHING A BEAD OR SHAPED OBJECT TO THE SHELL OF A MOLLUSK & ALLOW IT TO BE COVERED WITH WITH NACRE. THE PEARL IS CUT FROM THE SHELL, FILLED, & BACKED. .
PERIDOT	YW/GN, OLIVE, BN	6.5-7	FAIR-GOOD	AKA: OLIVINE, CHRYSOLITE. AVOID ACIDS & HEAT. TENDS TO BURST UNDER GREAT STRESS. FACET EDGES CHIP EASILLY. CATS’-EYE AND STAR PERIDOT ARE POSSIBLE AND RARE
PYRITE	BRASS/YW-GY/YW	6-6.5	FAIR-POOR	.AKA: “FOOLS’ GOLD”, WRONGLY CALLED MARCASITE. BRITTLE.
QUARTZ GROUP	MOST COLORS	7	GOOD	AVOID THERMAL SHOCK. BRITTLE.
ROCK CRYSTAL	COLORLESS	7		CLEAR, CAN HAVE CHEVRONS & OTHER INTERNAL PATTERNS.
SMOKEY QUARTZ	BROWN-BLACK,SMOKEY GREY			AKA: MORION & CAIRNGORM. CALLED “SMOKEY TOPAZ”. HEAT FADES .
AMETHYST	VIOLET			AVOID STRONG LIGHT (FADES) & HEAT (FADES, &/OR BECOMES CITRINE.
CITRINE	LT-DK/YELLOW,RED/BROWN			HEAT FADES
AMETRINE	VIOLET & YELLOW			MIX OF AMETHYST & CITRINE.
MILK QUARTZ	OP. WHITE			AKA: SNOW QUARTZ, WHITE QUARTZ.
PRASIOLITE	LEEK-GREEN			PRODUCED BY HEATING VL AMETHYST OR YWISH QUARTZ. SUN FADES.
ROSE QUARTZ	STRONG-PALE PINK			COLOR CAN FADE. RUTILE INCLUSIONS CAN PRODUCE A 6 POINT STAR..
RUTILATED QUARTZ	GOLDEN, REDDISH			QUARTZ CRYSTAL W/ RUTILE NEEDLE INCLUSIONS.
TOURMALINATED QUARTZ.	CLEAR W/GN OR BK			QUARTZ CRYSTAL W/ BLACK OR GREEN TOURMALINE NEEDLES. .
AVENTURINE	GREEN, RED/BROWN, GOLD/BROWN			IRIDESCENT SPARKLES. TRADE NAME: “INDIAN JADE”.
PRASE	LEAK-GREEN			OPAQUE AGREGATE. AKA: EMERALD QUARTZ.
BLUE QUARTZ	BLUE			TURBID AGREGATE. AKA: SAPPHIRE QUARTZ.
LEMON QUARTZ	YELLOW/GREEN

GEM NAME:	COLORS:	HARDNESS:	TOUGHNESS:	NOTES
RHODOCHROSITE	ROSE/RED-YELLOWISH	4	FAIR	STRIPED. STALAGTITE FORMED.
RHODONITE	DK/RD-FLESH/RD	5.5-6.5	GOOD	BLACK DENDRITIC INCLUSIONS. CAN BE PINK/GREY.
FOWLERITE	BROWNISH OR YELLOWISH TINT
RUBY IN ZOISITE				SEE ZOISITE
SCAPOLITE	YW, PK,VL, CL	5.5-6	POOR	VITRIOUS LUSTER. CATS’EYES ARE KNOWN.
SERPENTINE	GN, YELLOWISH, BN	2.5-5.5	FAIR	SENSITIVE TO ACID. INPROPERLY CALLED A “JADE”.
SODALITE	WT, BL, GY	5.5-6	GOOD	CONFUSED WITH LAPIZ LAZULI.
SPHENE	YW, BN,GN, REDDISH 5-5.5	FAIR		AKA: TITANITE. HEAT CHANGES COLOR TO RED OR ORANGE.
SPINEL	ALL	8	GOOD	MAY BE BRITTLE. LIGHT COLORS MAY FADE IN INTENSE HEAT. MANY FAMOUS & HISTORIC RUBIES ARE ACTUALLY SPINELS.
SPODUMENE GROUP	GNS, VTS	6.5-7	POOR	AVOID THERMAL SHOCK. FUSES EASILLY UNDER TORCH. COLOR STRONGEST ON AXIS.
HIDDENITE	YW/GN, GN/YW, EMERALD GN			IF IRRADIATED, GREEN FADES IN MINUTES TO HOURS.
KUNZITE	PINK/VIOLET, LIGHT VIOLET			MOST STONES ARE LIGHTLY COLORED AND COMMONLY FADE.BROWNISH AND GREEN/VIOLET COLORS CAN BE IMPROVED BY HEATING TO 300 deg.F.
SUGILITE	VIOLET	5.5-6.5	GOOD	TRANSLUCENT TO OPAQUE.
TANZANITE				SEE ZOISITE
TIGER’S EYE	GD/YW, GD/BN	6.5-7	GOOD	HAS A WAVY EYE EFFECT. AVOID THERMAL SHOCK. RED IS DYED.
HAWK’S EYE	BLUE/GRAY, BLUE/GREEN			SAME EFFECT AS TIGER’S EYE. SENSITIVE TO ACID.
TIGER IRON	GD/YW, GD/BN, REDS			AKA: TIGER’S EYE MATRIX. AGGREGATE LAYERS W/ IRON OXIDE .
TOPAZ	ALL & CL	8	POOR	YELLOW WITH RED TINT.IS MOST COMMON, PINK TO REDDISH-ORANGE YELLOWISH-BROWN GEMS. THERE IS NATURAL BLUE TOPAZ, BUT MOST BLUE STONES ARE COLORLESS TOPAZ THAT HAS BEEN IRRADIATED & THEN HEATED. AVOID THERMAL SHOCK. LIGHT BLOWS CAN CAUSE CLEAVAGE. HEAT MAY CAUSE COLOR CHANGE OR FADING. CITRINE & SMOKEY QUARTZ ARE WRONGLY CALLED TOPAZES.
TOURMALINE GROUP	ALL	7-7.5	FAIR	MOST CRYSTALS HAVE MORE THAN ONE COLOR. “WATERMELON” HAS A RED INTERIOR & A GREEN EXTERIOR. DEEP PINK & GREEN ARE THE MOST DESIREABLE. TOURMALINE CATS’-EYES OCCUR. AVOID THERMAL SHOCK. COLOR CHANGES PRODUCED BY IRRADIATION ARE NOT PERMANENT. HEAT CAN CAUSE SOME GREENS TO CHANGE COLOR.LATELY, VARIETY NAMES ARE BEING DROPPED AND STONES ARE CALLED “TOURMALINE”, PRECEEDED BY THE COLOR NAME.
TURQUOISE	SKY-BL, BL/GN,	5-6	POOR-GOOD	ALSO, APPLE-GREEN & BROWNS. USUALLY INCLUDES VEINING &/OR MATRIX. STONE SCRATCHES EASILLY. THE COLOR CAN BE RUINED BY: HEAT, LIGHT, PERSPIRATION, OILS, COSMETICS, & HOUSEHOLD DETERGENTS, AND BY THE LOSS OF THE STONE’S WATER CONTENT. MUCH TURQUOISE IS COLORED AND STABLIZED WITH RESINS. SOME STONES HAVE THEIR COLOR STABLEIZED W/ELECTRICITY “WHITE BUFFALO” IS MAGNESITE & NOT TURQUOISE.
UNAKITE	MIXED GN, PK, WT.		GOOD	OPAQUE GRANITIC ROCK W/FELDSPAR, QUARTZ, EPIDOTE, ETC. .
VARACITE	YW-GN, BLUISH	4-5	FAIR	FREQUENTLY INTERMIXED WITH A BROWN MATRIX.
VERDITE	LT-DK GREEN	3	FAIR	OFTEN SPOTTY. A SERPENTINE ROCK. TRANSLUCENT-OPAQUE.
ZIRCON GROUP	ALL & CL	6.5-7.5	FAIR-POOR	KNOWN SINCE ANCIENT TIMES, BUT UNDER NUMEROUS NAMES. HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX AND STRONG DISPERSION PRODUCES GREAT BRILLIANCE AND INTENSIVE FIRE. BRITTLE AND SENSITIVE TO KNOCKS & PRESSURE. EASY EDGE DAMAGE. HEAT CAN CAUSE COLOR CHANGES. SOME COLORS PRODUCED BY HEATING CAN REVERT TO THE ORIGINAL COLOR WHEN EXPOSED TO LIGHT. CAT’S-EYE
HYACINTH	YW, YW/RD-RD/BN
JARGON	STRAW/YW-ALMOST COLORLESS
STARLIGHT	BLUE			CREATED BY HEATING & CAN FADE W/EXPOSED TO UV &/OR SUNLIGHT. .
ZOISITE GROUP		7-6	POOR
TANZANITE	TP. SAPPHIRE BL, AMETHYST, VL			IN GOOD QUALITY STONES THERE IS A COLOR CHANGE FROM BLUES UNDER DAYLIGHT TO VIOLETS UNDER ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. BY HEATING TO 400-500 deg.C YELLOWISH AND BROWN TINTS VANISH AND THE BLUE DEEPENS. THE GEMS CAN BE BRITTLE, CLEAVES, AND ABRADES EASILY.AVOID HEAT AND THERMAL SHOCK. FUSES UNDER TORCH. TANZANITE CAT’S EYES ARE FOUND.
THULITE	DENSE, OPAQUE PINK		FAIR-GOOD	“LAPIZ NEVADA” IS A THULITE-DIOPSIDE SKARN ROCK .
ANYOLITE	GREEN W/BLACK & RUBY INCLUSIONS			AKA: RUBY IN ZOISITE. BLACK INCLUSIONS ARE HORNBLEND.

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TOUGHNESS CHART